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Hacking Exposed 6th Edition - Network Security Secrets and Solutions

Hacking Exposed 6th Edition - Network Security Secrets and Solutions

AT A GLANCE

Casing the Establishment
Case Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
IAAAS—It’s All About Anonymity, Stupid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Tor-menting the Good Guys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

1 Footprinting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
What Is Footprinting? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Why Is Footprinting Necessary? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Internet Footprinting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Step 1: Determine the Scope of Your Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Step 2: Get Proper Authorization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Step 3: Publicly Available Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Step 4: WHOIS & DNS Enumeration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Step 5: DNS Interrogation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Step 6: Network Reconnaissance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

 2 Scanning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Determining If the System Is Alive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Determining Which Services Are Running or Listening . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Scan Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Identifying TCP and UDP Services Running . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Windows-Based Port Scanners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Port Scanning Breakdown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
xiv Hacking Exposed 6: Network Security Secrets & Solutions
Detecting the Operating System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Active Stack Fingerprinting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Passive Stack Fingerprinting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77

3 Enumeration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Basic Banner Grabbing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Enumerating Common Network Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148


Part II System Hacking
Case Study: DNS High Jinx—Pwning the Internet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
4 Hacking Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
What’s Not Covered . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
Unauthenticated Attacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
Authentication Spoofi ng Attacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
Remote Unauthenticated Exploits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
Authenticated Attacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
Privilege Escalation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
Extracting and Cracking Passwords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
Remote Control and Back Doors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
Port Redirection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198
Covering Tracks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199
General Countermeasures to Authenticated Compromise . . . . . . . . 202
Windows Security Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206
Windows Firewall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206
Automated Updates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206
Security Center . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208
Security Policy and Group Policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
Bitlocker and the Encrypting File System (EFS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
Windows Resource Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212
Integrity Levels, UAC, and LoRIE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
Data Execution Prevention (DEP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
Service Hardening . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
Compiler-based Enhancements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
Coda: The Burden of Windows Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221

5 Hacking Unix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223
The Quest for Root . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224
A Brief Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224
Contents xv
Vulnerability Mapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
Remote Access vs. Local Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
Remote Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226
Data-Driven Attacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231
I Want My Shell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245
Common Types of Remote Attacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250
Local Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275
After Hacking Root . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292
What Is a Sniffer? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295
How Sniffers Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296
Popular Sniffers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297
Rootkit Recovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308


Part III Infrastructure Hacking
Case Study: Read It and WEP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312 

6 Remote Connectivity and VoIP Hacking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315
Preparing to Dial Up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316
War-Dialing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318
Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318
Legal Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320
Peripheral Costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320
Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320
Brute-Force Scripting—The Homegrown Way . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336
A Final Note About Brute-Force Scripting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346
PBX Hacking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348
Voicemail Hacking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 352
Virtual Private Network (VPN) Hacking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 358
Basics of IPSec VPNs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362
Voice over IP Attacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368
Attacking VoIP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385

7 Network Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387
Discovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388
Detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388
Autonomous System Lookup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 392
Normal traceroute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393
traceroute with ASN Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393
show ip bgp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 394
Public Newsgroups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395
Service Detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 396

xvi Hacking Exposed 6: Network Security Secrets & Solutions
Network Vulnerability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401
OSI Layer 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402
OSI Layer 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404
OSI Layer 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 417
Misconfi gurations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 422
Route Protocol Hacking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429
Management Protocol Hacking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 443

8 Wireless Hacking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 445
Wireless Footprinting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 447
Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 447
War-Driving Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 453
Wireless Mapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 458
Wireless Scanning and Enumeration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 462
Wireless Sniffers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463
Wireless Monitoring Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 466
Identifying Wireless Network Defenses and Countermeasures . . . . . . . . . . 470
SSID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 471
MAC Access Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 472
Gaining Access (Hacking 802.11) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 475
SSID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 476
MAC Access Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477
WEP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 478
Attacks Against the WEP Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479
Tools That Exploit WEP Weaknesses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 480
LEAP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 484
WPA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 486
Attacks Against the WPA Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 487
Additional Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 488
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 491

9 Hacking Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 493
Physical Access: Getting in the Door . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 494
Hacking Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 501
Default Confi gurations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 505
Owned Out of the Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 505
Standard Passwords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 505
Bluetooth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 506
Reverse Engineering Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 506
Mapping the Device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 506
Sniffi ng Bus Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 508
Firmware Reversing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 510
JTAG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 513
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 514

Contents xvii
Part IV Application and Data Hacking
Case Study: Session Riding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 516

10 Hacking Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 519
Common Exploit Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 520
Buffer Overfl ows and Design Flaws . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 520
Input Validation Attacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 527
Common Countermeasures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 530
People: Changing the Culture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 530
Process: Security in the Development Lifecycle (SDL) . . . . . . . . . . . . 532
Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 539
Recommended Further Reading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 542

11 Web Hacking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 543
Web Server Hacking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 544
Sample Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 546
Source Code Disclosure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 546
Canonicalization Attacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 547
Server Extensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 548
Buffer Overfl ows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 550
Web Server Vulnerability Scanners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 551
Web Application Hacking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 553
Finding Vulnerable Web Apps with Google . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 553
Web Crawling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 555
Web Application Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 556
Common Web Application Vulnerabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 570
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 584

12 Hacking the Internet User . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 585
Internet Client Vulnerabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 586
A Brief History of Internet Client Hacking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 586
JavaScript and Active Scripting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 590
Cookies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 591
Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 592
Cross-Frame/Domain Vulnerabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 594
SSL Attacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 595
Payloads and Drop Points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 598
E-Mail Hacking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 599
Instant Messaging (IM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 603
Microsoft Internet Client Exploits and Countermeasures . . . . . . . . . 604
General Microsoft Client-Side Countermeasures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 609
Why Not Use Non-Microsoft Clients? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 614

xviii Hacking Exposed 6: Network Security Secrets & Solutions
Socio-Technical Attacks: Phishing and Identity Theft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 615
Phishing Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 616
Annoying and Deceptive Software: Spyware, Adware, and Spam . . . . . . . 619
Common Insertion Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 620
Blocking, Detecting, and Cleaning Annoying and
Deceptive Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 622
Malware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 623
Malware Variants and Common Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 623
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 635


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Top SQL Injection Tools

Top SQL Injection Tools

SQL Injection is widely known and used method to penetrate into websites. since the rise of the CMS like wordpress & joomla etc, mass hacking attacks are becoming more frequent as one single vulnerability in the scripting puts millions of blogs/websites on risk. The aim of the attacks are to gather data of interest, defacing the websites and sometimes trolling (kid hackers!).
Here is the list of top SQL Injection tools that might come in handy when you are checking your own website for vulnerabilities.

Havij SQL Injection Tool:

By far THE best SQL Injection tool that I have come across. It is fast, robust & design to analyze the database deeply in order to find the vulnerability. Also, it is very newbie friendly since it has a GUI and works on windows.

SQL Ninja:

My second favorite when it comes to SQL injection. I personally like this tool because it also works with MS SQL. This tool is good because it focuses more on getting interactive shell on the remote database server instead of extracting the data.

Safe3SI:

Another tool with a GUI (works with windows) which is powerful and user-friendly pen test tool. This tool automates al the processes. Right from the fingerprinting, till extraction of info from the database. This would be the second choice for windows users after Havij.

BlindSQL Hacker:

Blind SQL Hacker aka BSQL Hacker automates vulnerability identification and exploitation for all the environments e.g. mySQL & MSSQL.

SQLMAP:

sqlmap is an open source penetration testing tool that automates the process of detecting and exploiting SQL injection flaws and taking over of database servers. It comes with a powerful detection engine, many niche features for the ultimate penetration tester and a broad range of switches lasting from database fingerprinting, over data fetching from the database, to accessing the underlying file system and executing commands on the operating system via out-of-band connections.

I believe manual SQL Injection can out run any of these tools, however, it is pain in the ass and consumes a lot of time. Working with any of these tools along with manual penetration can produce some great results. I have used all of the mentioned tools and seemed to work pretty fine.

Hacking: An Analysis of Current Methodology

1 Abstract

Hacking has become a significant threat to networks exposed to the Internet. In order to
prevent systems from being hacked, the methods used by hackers must be well
understood. Hackers begin by selecting and footprinting a target network. Once the
target network is mapped, hackers proceed to map vulnerabilities and gain access by
cracking passwords, using stack-smashing attacks, or spoofing the IP address of trusted
machines. Hackers can then sniff internal network traffic or find other hosts that contain
vital company secrets. Finally, a hacker can clean up system logs in order to conceal the
fact that an attack occurred. In this paper we explain how each of these attack techniques
is carried out.

2  Introduction

The Internet has become a widely used medium for companies, schools, and governments
to share data. Because of the need to exchange electronic information, most computer
networks are connected and exposed to traffic on the Internet. With this exposure comes
security concerns. Hackers are a significant threat because often all that lies between a
hacker and a company’s internal secrets may be a poorly administered firewall or border
router.
How significant is this threat? A sampling of traffic into and out of a network over a few
days will often show hundreds, perhaps thousands of potentially malicious data packets.
Hundreds of hacking web sites have been born over the past years providing information
ranging from how to spoof email to how to gain root access on web servers. Hackers
need not understand the technology behind their methods; they can simply download a
script and go to work. In essence, the threat of a network being attacked is significant
and should not be taken lightly because even the novice hacker is capable of launching a
potentially damaging attack.
How can hackers be stopped? To answer this question, it is important to understand how
a hacker attacks a system. From footprinting to log cleanup, a hacker’s methodology
must be well understood so that firewalls and Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) can be
built to prevent or detect future attacks.